Which neurodevelopmental disorder is characterized by inattention and hyperactivity?

• A. Epigenetics
• B. ADHD
• C. Anxiety Disorders
• D. Medical Model

Answer: (B)

This question tests your ability to recognize ADHD as a neurodevelopmental disorder defined by patterns of inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity. Inattention refers to trouble sustaining focus, organizing tasks, following through on instructions, and remembering details. Hyperactivity-impulsivity involves restlessness, excessive fidgeting or talking, and acting without thinking through consequences. When these symptoms are persistent, start before a certain age, and cause clear impairment across settings (like home and school), they meet the criteria for ADHD.

Other options describe different ideas rather than a diagnosis with these behavioral features. Epigenetics is about how gene expression is regulated, not a clinical disorder. Anxiety disorders involve excessive fear or worry rather than the specific pattern of inattention plus hyperactivity. The medical model is a framework for understanding illness, not a specific neurodevelopmental syndrome.